WebRobert Michels, (born Jan. 9, 1876, Cologne—died May 3, 1936, Rome), German-born Italian political sociologist and economist, noted for his formulation of the “iron law of oligarchy ,” which states that political parties and other membership organizations inevitably tend toward oligarchy, authoritarianism, and bureaucracy. Pournelle suggested several "laws". He used the term "Pournelle's law" for the expression "One user, one CPU". He later amended this to "One user, at least one CPU" in a column in InfoWorld. He also used the term "Pournelle's law" for "Silicon is cheaper than iron." That is, a computer is cheaper to upgrade than replace. A second aspect of this law was Pournelle's prediction that hard disk drives would eventually be replaced by solid-state memory. He has also used "Pournelle's la…
The Iron Law of Bureaucracy - by Sage Hana - Substack
Web"Pournelle's Iron Law of Bureaucracy": "In any bureaucracy, the people devoted to the benefit of the bureaucracy itself always get in control and those dedicated to the goals the … WebThat young bureaucrat will profit from deliberate ineffectiveness to the extent that he can get himself viewed as an asset by his superiors and a non-threat by his peers. His superiors want him to produce justifications for the enlargement of their domains. His peers simply ask that he not tread on their provinces. fix cookie too large
Iron law of institutions - RationalWiki
1. ^ James L. Hyland. Democratic theory: the philosophical foundations. Manchester, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Manchester University Press ND, 1995. p. 247. 2. ^ Robert Michels, Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy, 1915, trans. Eden and Cedar Paul (Kitchener, Ontario: Batoche Books, 2001), 241. WebBureaucratic formalism is often connected to Weber's metaphor of the iron cage because the bureaucracy is the greatest expression of rationality. Weber wrote that bureaucracies … can low vitamin d cause itching